Evidence Bases Practices - 1650 Words

There are approximately 5 million people under community supervision, either probation or parole, on any given day in the United States. Probation is a criminal sanction that permits court supervision of an offender in the community rather than sentencing him or her to prison. Due to Assembly Bill 109, probation practices have substantially increased. In order to accommodate a proficient environment for prisoners, in 2011, the United States Supreme Court ordered California to drastically reduce its inmate population. Assembly Bill 109, alternatively called the Realignment Act, is intended to shift low-level state offenders to county jail or replacement programs known as post-release community supervision (PRCS), similar to parole and†¦show more content†¦In order to better understand evidence-based practices it is important to find how it compares to similar approaches, such as restorative justice. Assessing risk/needs and enhancing intrinsic motivation are two evidence-base d practices worth thoroughly analyzing and discussing to determine if both the victims and the offender experience justice, and if community concerns are addressed. The first and most important step of evidence-based practices is to assess the risks and needs of the offender. It is essential to identify the risks and needs of the offender to better understand his or her reasons for committing crime, and to then build a plan to make sure better decisions are made in the future. According to the Crime Justice Institute, the goal of the risk/needs assessment is to, â€Å"develop and maintain a complete system of ongoing offender risk screening/triage and needs assessments. Sizing-up offenders in a reliable and valid manner is a prerequisite for the effective management (supervision and retreatment) of offenders† (3). Every offender is different; therefore, a in-depth assessment of each offender can provide a clear direction created specifically for him or her to become a law-abiding citizen. Critical information of the assessment may consist of the criminal history of the offender, and the criminogenic needs of the offender. CriminalShow Mo reRelatedA Brief Note On Mariana s Condition On The Bases Of Evidence Base Practice1811 Words   |  8 Pagescloser to Marina’s condition on the bases of evidence base practice. Evidence-based practice is a process of making any clinical decision on the bases of evidence and can be combined with patients’ values and experience of clinical expertise. The essay will firstly describe, analyses the paper 1 by Haaren et al., 2015 and then pilot study by Kim et al., 2013. In both scenario this essay will examine the strengths and weakness of the articles and then using Evidence hierarchies the most relevant articleRead MoreEvidence Base Practice, Essential And Safe Decision Making For Patient Care Essay2020 Words   |  9 Pages Introduction Evidence base practice is essential in nursing practice. It incorporates 3 key components which are clinical expertise, patient values, and best research evidence in order to provide the most effective and safe decision making for patient care. Neglecting a key component can affect the accuracy and efficiency of a research. Clinical expertise is based on a clinician’s experience, skill, education level and understanding in a certain area of nursing practice. Patient values can impactRead MoreAnalysis Of Stetler Model Of Research Utilization Essay916 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction As the nursing field grows, evidence-based practice is becoming more pragmatic. This is because people want to know the when, why, and how of diseases processes. Increasing knowledge on evidence-based practice has shown to improve health outcomes. Research translation models are utilized heavily in nursing to help transform findings into practice (Polit Beck, 2012). Some models are more clinician oriented, while others are institution oriented. There are various models that areRead MoreRelationship Between Nursing Profession With Scholarship, Praxis, And Evidence Based Practice971 Words   |  4 Pagespraxis, and evidence-based practice to improve quality of care for individuals and their respective societies. The Oxford English dictionary defined scholarship as the attainments of a scholar, learning, and erudition in a person (Scholarship, 2016). Scholarship is a noun of academic study or achievement, learning at a higher level. Scholarship in nursing has become an essential part of our professional evolution. Professional nursing practice at all levels is grounded in ethical practice. EssentiallyRead MoreThe Social Workers Ethical Accountability1185 Words   |  5 Pages 1076). It can be argued that evidence-based practice is the social workers ethical accountability. This is beneficial for the clients as individuals, and groups that social workers interact with (Plath, 2006, p. 59). Clients are involved as knowledgeable contributors in decision-making. Any ambiguity in the decision-making progressions is recognised (Nothdurfer Lorenz, 2010, p.50). Knowledge is a significant aspect to the core structure that holds the practice framework together (Chenoweth Read MoreMy Goal And Future As A Psychiatric And Mental Health Nurse Practitioner1399 Words   |  6 Pageswith a diverse background has provided me with some experience and eagerness to achieve evidence base practice to advance my knowledge as a Psychiatric and Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP). The purpose of this paper is to guide me through this learning process to stay focus on my goal and future as I advance in the learning process. Education and professional background My educational background is the base from African as a Food and nutrition teacher. After I finish secondary education whichRead MoreEvaluation Of A Nursing Internship Experience Based On An Educational Program For Wound Assessment And Documentation1451 Words   |  6 Pagesulcers and skin breakdown are serious patient care issue because most are considered reasonably preventable. Preventing skin breakdown and pressure ulcers are a high priority for acute care facilities. Health care facilities are engaging in evidence-based practices and interventions to reduce skin breakdown pressure ulcers occurrences. Mastered prepared nurses play an important role in organizational performance and the delivery of quality patient care. This paper will describe and summarize graduateRead MoreVision for the Future of Nursing: Interdisciplinary Collaboration across the Healthcare Sector1560 Words   |  6 Pagesneeds of the current population is based on the standards of evidence-based practice. Interdisciplinary Collaboration: In order for changes to occur in the future of nursing requires interdisciplinary collaboration across the health care sector. While there is need for cooperation from all health-related disciplines, nurses can act as change agents. The ability of nurses to act as change agents is based on the fact that the nursing practice is the basic foundation of primary health care. Through theRead MoreMethodological Issues And Challenges To Improve The Study Of Effective Treatments For Psychological Disorders?879 Words   |  4 Pages The evidence-base clinician will use their own experience and expertise to combine the best current evidence with the client’s values and preferences within the situation of the local environment (Lemoncello, 2013). Many practitioners withstand to such as many questions the status of evidence-based for many treatments while the consider that standard treatments don’t take in consideration of individual needs and preferences (Bauer, 2007). While oth ers propose an alternative to the practice-basedRead MoreUse As Advanced Placement ( Ap ) Textbooks801 Words   |  4 PagesAdvanced Placement (AP) textbooks. Despite using these outdated and inappropriate texts the majority of my students who take the AP exam pass with a score of 3 or higher. I attribute these successes to the wisdom of educators who mentored me in evidence-based instruction even before I knew what it was. Just as a doctor needs to take into account the individual circumstances of each patient, educators need to address the individual needs of every student. At the beginning of every school year, I

The Pianist Free Essays

The Pianist 1. ‘The Pianist’ is about a Jewish pianist named Szpilman living in Poland and his time during World War II. He and his family are aware of the Nazis and Hitler’s designs on Poland but were convinced that the Nazis are a threat that will pass when England and France will come to aid Poland. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pianist or any similar topic only for you Order Now In November 1940, all Jews were forced in the Warsaw Ghetto where living conditions were horrible. Soon after, the family was forced to go to concentration camps but Szpilman was saved by a friend. He becomes a slave but escapes and hides with the help of a non-Jewish friend. He was then discovered by another person who realizes that he is a Jew. His next hiding place was a room with a piano but was forced to be quiet. In 1944 he was forced to escape as a tank shells his hiding place. After, he became alone and desperately searches for food and water but was discovered by a German officer named Hosenfeld. After Szpilman tells him that he is a pianist, he was asked to play on the piano close by. His performance moves Hosenfeld and he hides Szpilman in an empty house and brings him food. In 1945, Hosenfeld meets Szpilman for the last time and he promises to listen to him on the radio also giving him his coat. Soon after, Polish soldiers tried to shoot him but stops when they realise that he is Polish. The next scene shows captured German soldiers, Hosenfeld being one of them. Later on, Szpilman is seen performing in an orchestra. 2. ‘The Pianist’ depicts the horrors of war through various film techniques. The lighting of the movie always seemed to be dark and gloomy showing how the war was a dark time for everyone. The realistic sounds of the gunshots create tension and anxiety to the audience. The scene where he was alone after his whole family was taken, is one that demonstrates the loneliness of war. The Jews, especially the main character are shown to have a miserable expression on their face throughout the movie. The music in the background seemed beautiful yet depressing showing how the beauty of life was destroyed by the vicious and destructiveness of war. As Szpilman hides in the destroyed hospital, he looked more gaunt and gloomy, his expression representing the horror and dreadfulness of war. Many of the camera shots portray Szpilman as a weak and small character while the Nazis are shown to be big and strong showing the difference between the Jews and the Nazis during World War II. 3. ‘The Pianist’ have taught me the horrors and dreadfulness of World War II through the perspective of a lone survivor. The film showed specific dates for certain events that were accurate – for example at the beginning it showed the date September 1939. It also showed the restrictions that the Jews had – when all of them had to wear the Yellow Star of David. It illustrates the horrible living conditions of the Warsaw Ghetto and how the Jews were treated there. The scene where an old man was thrown to death on a wheelchair and where a young child was beaten from the other side of the wall was some of them that showed how cruelly the Jews were treated. However, when Szpilman meets the German officer, it demonstrated that not all of the Nazis were bad. Most of the time, Szpilman is shown to be alone showing the loneliness that some people felt during the war. 4. ‘The Pianist’ was very historically accurate. The movie is based on a Holocaust survivor named Wladyslaw Szpilman and his time in Warsaw, Poland during World War II. Throughout the movie, there are specific dates for certain events, for example it showed on the 16th of August, 1942 the Jews were sent to concentration camps. The names were also accurate in this movie. The director of this film was also a survivor from the Holocaust which helps it become more accurate. 5. I would recommend this film to others as it is historically accurate and shows the horrors of war realistically. The film is through a perspective of an actual survivor from the Holocaust. It also received significant critical praise and won multiple awards and nominations. The sounds of war – gunshots were extremely realistic. The lighting and music suited with the mood of the film. The scenes were very detailed showing the horrors of war to a great extent. Therefore, ‘The Pianist’ is one of the most detailed and accurate films, with the atmosphere in Poland well captured and is one of the most realistic and touching Holocaust films. How to cite The Pianist, Essay examples The Pianist Free Essays Johnson 1 Kayla Johnson Prof. Hirchfelder, K-213 ENG2102, Sec. 06 26 March 2013 Scene Analysis Paper Musical Dependency The 2002 film, The Pianist directed by Roman Polanski focuses on the hardships of a well-known, local concert pianist, Wladyslaw Szpilman. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pianist or any similar topic only for you Order Now Wladyslaw Szpilman is played by actor Adrien Brody, who does an excellent job portraying both the warmhearted side of Szpliman and the desperate struggling side we see later on in the film. The film is based on Szpilman’s book, The Pianist where he discusses true events he underwent during the German takeover of Warsaw. He was one of twenty survivors out of the 360,000 Jewish people killed from Warsaw, Poland. â€Å"Passion for Survival in Polanski’s The Pianist† by Diana Diamond reflects the direct and indirect use of music throughout the film. Diamond uses multiple scenes and circumstances to support her thoughts on Szpilman’s characterization as a pianist. Throughout The Pianist, Szpilman goes through a significant amount of trauma, whether it be done to him personally, his family or to strangers in his surroundings. Polanski uses many horrific scenes to prove just how brutal the German police are. Diamond identifies one in particular in her article, which stands out to me as well. â€Å"The Nazi’s disrupt a family at dinner, tossing an old man in a wheelchair out of the window for failing to rise when they enter and Johnson 2 shooting the rest of the family as they run down the street† (427). The German police clearly have no mercy on any of the Jewish citizens of Warsaw. This is only the beginning of the twisted and remorseless actions the German’s render upon the Jews. After about two hours into the film, Szpilman has reached his lowest point. He has been bombed out of just about every hiding place he can find, escaped control under Jewish police and is now struggling to survive in an abandoned house. The director, Polanski, throws certain elements into the scene to depict him this way. He is unshaven, unbathed, and noticeably weak. His cloths are too big for him, signifying he has lost weight from eating so scantily. He is even limping because he was hurt just by jumping over a five foot fence. Szpilman has gone through every obstacle to be thrown at him until he breaks. Stumbling through this huge house he finds a single can of food and eagerly begins to search for something to open it. He finally comes across a fireplace poker. As he tries to stab his way into the can it falls to the ground and the camera enters an extreme close-up on it. By using a close-up we have nothing else to look at and nothing else to think about aside from this fallen can. Suddenly we see feet and the camera slowly tilts upward creating suspense until it reaches an extremely calm yet serious German officer. The officer speaks, â€Å"What are you doing here? † At first, Szpilman at a loss for words, in fear does not answer. â€Å"Who are you? ’ the officer asks, ‘Understand? † When Szpilman assures him he does the officer repeats, â€Å"What are you doing? † â€Å"I was†¦ trying to open this can. † Szpilman mumbles out. Johnson 3 Soon after the officer asks, â€Å"What do you do? † â€Å"I am†¦ I was, a pianist† Szpilman responds with every bit of dignity he has left. (2:01-2:03) The man standing in this scene looks entirely different from the spirited concert pianist we knew. It is almost hard for the audience to view Szpilman as the same man from the beginning of the film. However, with the proper use of dialogue Polanski reminds us he is still that man, he is a pianist. The scene directly following is used in Diana Diamond’s, â€Å"Passion for Survival in Polanski’s The Pianist† for music as a symbol throughout the film. Music is often used in films as a background component. It can create a sense of joy, distress, horror, even confidence can be captured with the use of a simple melody. Diamond finds music to be a source of uplift for Szpilman during the overall film. She exclaims, â€Å"We see him rescued from the edge of extinction, not only by the altruism of the German officer, but also by his own reconnection with his artistic power† (429). By playing the piano at this time Szpilman is proving to the officer he is who he says he is and therefore, unknowingly saving him in more ways than one. As Szpilman plays the piano after all this time he remembers who is he and that saves him more than anything. Diamond uses multiple examples to show how important music is to Szpilman. The importance of it is, in fact, shown as the first scene of the movie and sets the standard throughout the entire film. When the Nazi’s invade Warsaw and German bombs explode in the radio studio where Szpilman is performing, he persists in playing Chopin’s nocturne in C sharp minor, refusing to flee until shrapnel lacerates his face† (429). Even through a bomb attack Szpilman will not stop playing until he is given the signal from his partner th at he has no other choice. Johnson 4 Many parts of the film also use music at times when words aren’t enough. The film is constantly relating music back to Szpilman’s father. Towards the beginning the family decides to hide their money in the father’s violin. Thus symbolizing the sense of security a father carries in the family. Later we see his violin being violently taken from him by a Nazi guard right before deportation, where he loses all control over his families’ security just like losing his violin. Diamond reflects the impact of this scene on Szpilman, â€Å"the instrapsychic trauma of the son witnessing the father’s impending destruction, the state of utter desolation and remorse over this, and the restoration of the father and paternal authority internally in the son’s will to live and survive† (430). Music acts as the symbol of Wladyslaw’s relationship with his father, it brings them together. After Szpilman must watch his father so helpless and defeated it fuels him to survive in honor of him. Roman Polanski’s film, The Pianist and Diana Diamond’s article, â€Å"Passion for Survival in Polanski’s The Pianist† bring together the symbolism of music during the film. We enjoy the beautiful sounds of Wladyslaw Szpilman playing the piano while also understanding how music exemplifies his strength in survival throughout the Nazi’s takeover of Warsaw. Szpilman used music to remember who he was when he was lost the most and also to remember who his father was. He survives and lives on as a musician in his memory. Works Cited Boggs, Joseph. Petrie, Dennis. The Art of Watching Films. 7th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008. Print. Diamond, Diana. â€Å"Passion for Survival in Polanski’s The Pianist. † Psychoanalytic Inquiry 27. 4 (2007): 425-39. Print. The Pianist. Dir. Roman Polanski. Perf. Adrien Brody. 2002. DVD. How to cite The Pianist, Papers The Pianist Free Essays The Pianist 1. ‘The Pianist’ is about a Jewish pianist named Szpilman living in Poland and his time during World War II. He and his family are aware of the Nazis and Hitler’s designs on Poland but were convinced that the Nazis are a threat that will pass when England and France will come to aid Poland. We will write a custom essay sample on The Pianist or any similar topic only for you Order Now In November 1940, all Jews were forced in the Warsaw Ghetto where living conditions were horrible. Soon after, the family was forced to go to concentration camps but Szpilman was saved by a friend. He becomes a slave but escapes and hides with the help of a non-Jewish friend. He was then discovered by another person who realizes that he is a Jew. His next hiding place was a room with a piano but was forced to be quiet. In 1944 he was forced to escape as a tank shells his hiding place. After, he became alone and desperately searches for food and water but was discovered by a German officer named Hosenfeld. After Szpilman tells him that he is a pianist, he was asked to play on the piano close by. His performance moves Hosenfeld and he hides Szpilman in an empty house and brings him food. In 1945, Hosenfeld meets Szpilman for the last time and he promises to listen to him on the radio also giving him his coat. Soon after, Polish soldiers tried to shoot him but stops when they realise that he is Polish. The next scene shows captured German soldiers, Hosenfeld being one of them. Later on, Szpilman is seen performing in an orchestra. 2. ‘The Pianist’ depicts the horrors of war through various film techniques. The lighting of the movie always seemed to be dark and gloomy showing how the war was a dark time for everyone. The realistic sounds of the gunshots create tension and anxiety to the audience. The scene where he was alone after his whole family was taken, is one that demonstrates the loneliness of war. The Jews, especially the main character are shown to have a miserable expression on their face throughout the movie. The music in the background seemed beautiful yet depressing showing how the beauty of life was destroyed by the vicious and destructiveness of war. As Szpilman hides in the destroyed hospital, he looked more gaunt and gloomy, his expression representing the horror and dreadfulness of war. Many of the camera shots portray Szpilman as a weak and small character while the Nazis are shown to be big and strong showing the difference between the Jews and the Nazis during World War II. 3. ‘The Pianist’ have taught me the horrors and dreadfulness of World War II through the perspective of a lone survivor. The film showed specific dates for certain events that were accurate – for example at the beginning it showed the date September 1939. It also showed the restrictions that the Jews had – when all of them had to wear the Yellow Star of David. It illustrates the horrible living conditions of the Warsaw Ghetto and how the Jews were treated there. The scene where an old man was thrown to death on a wheelchair and where a young child was beaten from the other side of the wall was some of them that showed how cruelly the Jews were treated. However, when Szpilman meets the German officer, it demonstrated that not all of the Nazis were bad. Most of the time, Szpilman is shown to be alone showing the loneliness that some people felt during the war. 4. ‘The Pianist’ was very historically accurate. The movie is based on a Holocaust survivor named Wladyslaw Szpilman and his time in Warsaw, Poland during World War II. Throughout the movie, there are specific dates for certain events, for example it showed on the 16th of August, 1942 the Jews were sent to concentration camps. The names were also accurate in this movie. The director of this film was also a survivor from the Holocaust which helps it become more accurate. 5. I would recommend this film to others as it is historically accurate and shows the horrors of war realistically. The film is through a perspective of an actual survivor from the Holocaust. It also received significant critical praise and won multiple awards and nominations. The sounds of war – gunshots were extremely realistic. The lighting and music suited with the mood of the film. The scenes were very detailed showing the horrors of war to a great extent. Therefore, ‘The Pianist’ is one of the most detailed and accurate films, with the atmosphere in Poland well captured and is one of the most realistic and touching Holocaust films. How to cite The Pianist, Papers

Video Games Effect On Heart Essays - Hypertension, Medicine

Video Games Effect On Heart In order to determine the effects of video games on the heart, we must look at several different things. First, we must determine which specific areas we want to investigate. Looking at increased heart rate and blood pressure, we need to determine the average maximum heart rate for the age group being tested. We must determine what factors can cause one's heart rate to increase, and we must look at the current studies in regard to the various social effects of video and other electronic games. The main way that we increase our heart rate is through exercise, and even then health care professionals recognize the importance of pacing yourself. In order to pace yourself, you must determine your target heart rate. To do this, you must measure your pulse periodically as you exercise and stay within 50 to 75 percent of you maximum heart rate. A simple rule of thumb is if you can talk and walk at the same time, you are not working too hard. If you can sing and maintain your level of effort, you are probably not working hard enough. If you get out of breath quickly, you are probably working too hard, especially if you have to stop and catch your breath. The target heart rate chart is broken down from twenty years of age to seventy years. The target heart rate zone of fifty to seventy-five percent for people of twenty years is 100-150 beats per minute with the average maximum heart rate of 100% at 200 beats per minute. The second main contributor to increasing your heart rate is through stress. Doctors have determined that the problem with stress is that our body thinks we are still cavemen. There hasn't been time for us to evolve physiologically from the high-threat, short-duration stress situations that primitive man faced to the relatively low-threat, long-duration stresses of modern society. When your body receives a message that you are under stress, it automatically thinks you are going to do one of two things, fight or run away. The body does not know how to temper its response to deal with the week-long pressure of dooming deadlines or other stresses that we deal with daily. This overkill response, in time, takes a physical toll, especially on the cardiovascular system. When you are under stress, you are not thriving. Your blood pressure is elevated, your blood clotting mechanism is working at full force, your heart is beating faster than normal and your metabolic rate is up. Keep it for hours and you will be exhausted, for years and you are headed for a heart attack. Doctors place stress as the secondary risk factor for heart disease. Stress and video games often go hand in hand. During the last several decades, video games have emerged as one of the most popular forms of adolescent entertainment. In the United States alone, video game revenues total ten billion dollars annually. On the average, children who have home video games play with them approximately ninety minutes a day. Some of the trends in game playing are disturbing some observers. A 1993 study asked 357 seventh and eight graders to list their preferences among five categories of video games. The study found that fantasy violence topped the list at thirty-two percent. It also find that boys who play violent games tend to have a lower self-concept in the areas of academic ability, peer acceptance and behavior. The most interesting is the possible link between playing violent video games and subsequent aggressive behavior. Boys aged eight to fourteen are the core audience for video games. Another study found that a series of three video games played under three increasing levels of stress elicited progressively higher values of blood pressure and heart rate. Both the race and gender of the subjects affected the reactivity. Heavy video game players have a difficult time with the regard to discharging aggression, and have a lower frustration tolerance. It has been found that hostility is increased when playing highly aggressive video games and mildly aggressive games. Subjects playing the high aggression game were much more anxious than the other subjects. In one study, the researcher found that not only did the heart rates of the participants increase while playing video games, but also the rates of those merely watching the game increased. The study demonstrated clear differences between playing the violent game over a non-violent game. The study also demonstrated strong differences between playing and watching the games in violent verses non-violent games.

Analysis Essay Example

Analysis Essay Example Analysis Essay Analysis Essay This policy points to yet another opportunity for them. Garment quality can be improved if it is overseen as well as purchased locally. This in turn can create a larger profit margin if marketed correctly alongside and expanded online market. Other expansion opportunities include opening Of more stores in Africa as well as an increase in the amount of organic cotton seed to manufacture garments. HM also has a variety of sub-brands under its umbrella including Cheap Monday and and Monk. HM can amass a large portion of space in the market if more companies and brands are encompassed under the brand. Promotion Objectives General Objective What we plan to achieve, by the implementation of our promotional program, is to increase sales. Specific Promotion Objective Our objective is to increase and expand our customer base globally. HM reaches 55 different markets with 3,300 stores worldwide. (HM Worldwide, n. D. ). However, despite the fact that HM expands to 55 different markets, hey have a limited presence online. Currently, HMs online shopping feature is only offered in 13 countries. (Regions, n. D. ). Some of the countries excluded from the list are Canada, Mexico, Japan, Korea, and Hong Kong. These are all major contributor to the amount of physical stores worldwide. Despite their large presence physically, they are not being catered to electronically. We believe that if We open up this sales medium to more global markets, our clientele will increase and in turn contribute to increased revenue. Target Audience The audience that we are targeting are online shoppers in the countries that o not currently have an online H store that they can shop at. We are specifically targeting millennial, those consumers aged 18 to 34, remain the key age demographic for online commerce, spending more money online in a given year than any other age group. (Smith, 2014). Promotion Theme The only way online sales in all countries can increase is for all countries to have an online store. Until this is done, H can make up for the loss sales by pushing consumers to shop in store. In order for H to help reach their target market, they can make their central theme for their advertisements H around the world. The idea behind this theme is to help reach out to those who may not be able to shop online but can still buy from a store. The major selling points that will be shown are top selling pieces in different countries. By showing different pieces from each country, it can help consumers realize that is an influential brand in different countries even though they only have online shopping available for a limited number of them. They can use different celebrities from each country so that when consumers think of those celebrities, they are also thinking of H. Selling points for these items will be the low price and will showcase two or three key pieces per advertisement. It is important to only show a limited number of products per advertisement so consumers can remember all pieces as opposed to a few of them. By promoting high selling pieces in countries without online shopping, it can increase spending in Store because consumers know they cannot purchase the items any. Veer else. The positioning for these promotions will be functional. They will increase brand loyalty through buying benefits such as discounts for avid customers or customer reward cards.

Facts and Figures About Sivapithecus, the Primate Also Known as Ramapithecus

Facts and Figures About Sivapithecus, the Primate Also Known as Ramapithecus Sivapithecus occupies an important place on the prehistoric primate evolutionary flow chart: This slender, five-foot-long ape marked the time when early primates descended from the comforting shelter of trees and started to explore the wide-open grasslands. The late Miocene Sivapithecus possessed chimpanzee-like feet with flexible ankles, but otherwise it resembled an orangutan, to which it may have been directly ancestral. (Its also possible that the orangutan-like features of Sivapithecus arose via the process of convergent evolution, the tendency of animals in similar ecosystems to evolve similar features). Most important, from the perspective of paleontologists, were the shape of Sivapithecus teeth. This primates large canines and heavily enameled molars point to a diet of tough tubers and stems (such as would be found on the open plains) rather than tender fruits (such as would be found in trees). Sivapithecus is intimately associated with Ramapithecus, a now-downgraded genus of central Asian primate, discovered in the country of Nepal, that was once considered to be directly ancestral to modern humans. It turns out that the analysis of the original Ramapithecus fossils was flawed and that this primate was less human-like, and more orangutan-like, than had initially been thought, not to mention disturbingly similar to the earlier-named Sivapithecus. Today, most paleontologists believe that the fossils attributed to Ramapithecus actually represent the slightly smaller females of genus Sivapithecus (sexual differentiation not being an uncommon feature of ancestral apes and hominids), and that neither genus was a direct Homo sapiens ancestor. Species of Sivapithecus/Ramapithecus There are three named species of Sivapithecus, each dating to slightly different time frames. The type species, S. indicus, discovered in India in the late 19th century, lived from about 12 million to 10 million years ago; a second species. S. sivalensis, discovered in northern India and Pakistan in the early 1930s, lived from about nine to eight million years ago; and a third species, S. parvada, discovered on the Indian subcontinent in the 1970s, was significantly bigger than the other two and helped drive home the affinities of Sivapithecus with modern orangutans. You might be wondering, how did a hominid like Sivapithecus (or Ramapithecus) wind up in Asia, of all places, given that the human branch of the mammalian evolutionary tree originated in Africa? Well, these two facts are not inconsistent: it could be that the last common ancestor of Sivapithecus and Homo sapiens did in fact live in Africa, and its descendants migrated out of the continent during the middle Cenozoic Era. This has very little bearing on a lively debate now going on about whether hominids did, indeed, arise in Africa; unfortunately, this scientific dispute has been tainted by some well-founded accusations of racism (of course we didnt come from Africa, say some experts, since Africa is such a backward continent). Name: Sivapithecus (Greek for Siva ape); pronounced SEE-vah-pith-ECK-us Habitat: Woodlands of central Asia Historical Epoch: Middle-Late Miocene (12-7 million years ago) Size and Weight: About five feet long and 50-75 pounds Diet: Plants Distinguishing Characteristics: Chimpanzee-like feet; flexible wrists; large canines

Health Reform Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Health Reform - Research Paper Example Secondary data or historical data are the kind of data that is previously gathered for some study or project, which built specially for that particular project (Zikmund, 2003, p Nd). In regards to this research, the secondary data used are gathered from the Internet, journals and other publications in order to get basic information about the nature of the health reformation within the organization. The research and the methodologies of this paper are basically qualitative in nature. The primary resources are there in this paper to prove the solid statements. However, the secondary resources are also very much important to prove the practical viewpoints of this particular paper. The data collection method is one of the most important actions in the organizational research work. The primary and secondary data are compiled in a proper blend to fetch the ultimate result. However, in this case the questionnaires were very much prominent. However, the proposed number of questions to be fil led for any research is around 25-30, where minimum 20-25 questions suppose to be answered to get a good result. However, the missing count can be taken as the margin of error, or their stipulated feedbacks could have taken as the average feedbacks. In this particular paper the five major methodologies for the research work are 1: Interview, 2: Surveys, 3: Focus group, 4: observation and 5: internal data. Among all of these the most important method is the interview and the survey. These two methods give the ultimate feedback of the employees towards the improvement of the health related issues within the organization. Data collection is one of the most important part I the research process. The data collection can be taken from the interview process of from the internal data or most of the time for the effective survey within the projected sample size for the research. However, all of the research methods are equally important prove the relevance of the research work and to predict the fruitful outcome of the research for the betterment of the health reform within the organizations. The relevance of the secondary data is very much important to justify this particular paper and that is the reason the selected five methodologies are chosen to collect the secondary data to support the study. All the five methods are discussed bellow. 1. Interview: In rearview has been taken as one of the most effective research method for collecting the secondary data from the focus group. Personal interview with the projected employees within the organization for their expectation and complains about the present health related issues are very much productive in case of finding the proper solution. There are some numbers of factors which are very much important for conducting an effective interview process. These number of factors need to be taken very seriously in designing the interview process. The basic concept of the interview is to exchange the verbal and written expressio n of the participant towards the projected questions (Watson, , p 282). The research interviews must be recorded so they can be analyzed afterwards. Most of the time, these interviews are generally audiotaped. The interviewed data are transcribed into text for the data analysis. In this case the different people from different organizations ate taken under consideration for the interview pro

International business management and strategy Essay

International business management and strategy - Essay Example The car industry is buoyant. Recent data from Centro Studi Promotor (CSP) notes that the sale of new cars in Italy in 2005 totaled 2,234,174.This reflects the general buoyancy considering the increased gasoline prices, the weak economic situation and the fiscal burden on car ownership. This is the ninth consecutive year that new car sales in Italy have exceeded 2,230,000 which proves that the market is relatively stable. Italian brands lost 1.46% while foreign brands lost 1.30%.Italian brands (the dominant Fiat Auto Spa) claimed 28.04% of the market share and manufactured four out of every ten best selling cars. The main international brands included-GM (Opel and Chevrolet), Ford (Ford+Mazda+Land Rover+ Volvo), Volkswagen (Volkswagen+Audi+Skoda). The fiscal burden on the ownership of cars is a stark reality. In 2003, the Government hiked taxes on luxury cars and sports utility vehicles in a bid to reduce the deficit budget and control pollution. Vehicles weighing more than 2600 kilos were subject to higher taxes. The chief components of the generic strategy are-cost leadership, differentiation and market segmentation.